Describe the methods by which an electric potential develops in primary cells and dry cells. Describe the methods by which an electric potential develops in generators and thermocouples.
Identify the scenarios below as to whether they would increase or decrease the resistance of an electric current through a body.

a. Increase the length of the conductor
b. Utilize a conductor with a larger cross-section
c. Cool the conductor to lower its temperature

If 0.8 Wh of electrical energy is lost as heat, how much heat energy (in Btu) is produced?
How many kilowatt-hours of energy would be used by a 40 W bulb that runs for 10 hours every day during the course of one year?