4. A newly created acid has produced a solution with a pH of 4.10. Its starting concentration was 0.55 M. What is the acid ionization constant of this new

acid?

5. What can be calculated to determine the strength of a hase?

Astable electron arrangement for an atom is one that does not easily change. how is this arrangement arrived at? a. valence electrons are transferred or shared to create a full outer shell of electrons. b. valence electrons are discarded into space to create a full outer shell of electrons. c. protons (positive charge) pair with valence electrons (negative charge) to create a strong bond. d. outer shells with valence electrons are transferred or shared.