Determine the net force acting on the object. Then, write whether or not there will be a change in motion. If yes, write the direction the object will move in.

Spontaneity tell us the direction of the reaction, but not how fast it goes. gibbs free energy brings together enthalpy, entropy and temperature in one easy formula. g = h - ts. and, finally the sign of delta g is always negative for a spontaneous reaction.

Outermost (valence) electrons

The answer is letter c