Buffer limits the pH by: a. Calculation b. Concentration of acid and base c. pKa d.
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The activity series is shown in the attached picture. if the element is below the other, then you can displace the other. following the activity series as a guide, the reactions are as follows: nickel and aluminum chloride3 ni + 2 alcl₃  → 3 nicl₂ + 2 albarium and copper bromideba + cubr  →  no reaction because cu is less oxidizable than bapotassium nitrate and aluminum3 kno₃ + al  → al(no₃)₃ + 3 ksodium phosphate and zincnaso₄ + zn  → znso₄ + na

Ireally don’t know this

The se-ci  bonds is more polar  than s-br bond

The answer is b electromagnetic i believe, i hope i ya out!