A hypothesis is a plausible explanation for a particular fact, observation, or process. Write a hypothesis about how the various concentrations of acid will affect the amount of limestone that is dissolved from each jar. You’ll need these materials for each group:
limestone chips (50 g total)
scale with at least 0.1 g accuracy
4 small plastic jars (may use clear, clean glass baby food jars)
graduated cylinder, 100 or 250 mL
safety goggles
disposable gloves
4 sticky notes or small pieces of paper and tape
white vinegar (at least 100 mL)
baking soda to neutralize the vinegar before disposal
distilled water (at least 100 mL)
small spoon that is long enough to scoop the limestone chips from the bottom of the jars
2 soft rags on which to spread all the limestone chips
pen, pencil, or fine-tip marker

I can only find a few of these materials. If you have done this experiment, please help me!!

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

the answer is a! (2.9 x 10^-18 j) hope i could someone. : )