Which of the following would NOT be considered valid sources of error in a laboratory experiment? I: Calculation errors II: Inability to calibrate measuring devices III: Using the wrong solution for a reaction

o conteúdo de calor de um sistema é igual à entalpia apenas para um sistema que é constante

it should have an internal chamber and two thermometers sticking out of the top. the internal chamber will also be closed off from the outside.

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.