You are on a road trip through the mountains, and you notice that the cylinder in your car is not experiencing the same ideal expansion as when you originally calculated it at sea level. Rather than experiencing a change in volume of 488 mL as you calculated at sea level, it is experiencing a change in volume of 442 mL while driving through the mountains, with a total of 0.0727 g of gas phase molecules in the cylinder after the combustion reaction. Assuming that your car is still operating at 100% efficiency (as we assumed throughout the discussion problems on Tuesday), what is different now

distance, luminosity, brightness, radius, chemical composition, and temperature

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.