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Answer and Explanation:

We have to identify the anion (negatively charged ion) and the positive ion to form each compound. The sum of the positive and negative charges will be equal to 0 for a neutral compound.

Chloride: the anion is Cl⁻ (1 negative charge).

Magnesium (Mg²⁺) + Chloride (Cl⁻) : MgCl₂

Sodium (Na⁺) + Chloride (Cl-): NaCl

Zinc (Zn²⁺) + Chloride (Cl-): ZnCl₂

Lithium (Li⁺) + Chloride (Cl-) : LiCl

Lead(II) (Pb²⁺) + Chloride (Cl⁻): PbCl₂

Calcium (Ca²⁺) + Chloride (Cl⁻): CaCl₂

Iron(II) (Fe²⁺) + Chloride (Cl⁻): FeCl₂

Iron(III) (Fe³⁺) + Chloride (Cl⁻): FeCl₃

Potassium (K⁺) + Chloride (Cl): KCl

Nitrate: the anion is NO₃⁻ (1 negative charge).

Magnesium (Mg²⁺) + Nitrate (NO₃⁻) : Mg(NO₃)₂

Sodium (Na⁺) + Nitrate (NO₃⁻): NaNO₃

Zinc (Zn²⁺) + Nitrate (NO₃⁻): Zn(NO₃)₂

Lithium (Li⁺) + Nitrate (NO₃⁻) : LiNO₃

Lead(II) (Pb²⁺) + Nitrate (NO₃⁻): Pb(NO₃)₂

Calcium (Ca²⁺) + Nitrate (NO₃⁻): Ca(NO₃)₂

Iron(II) (Fe²⁺) + Nitrate (NO₃⁻): Fe(NO₃)₂

Iron(III) (Fe³⁺) + Nitrate (NO₃⁻): Fe(NO₃)₃

Potassium (K⁺) + Nitrate (NO₃⁻): KNO₃

Sulphate: SO₄²⁻ (2 negative charges)

Magnesium (Mg²⁺) + Sulphate (SO₄²⁻) : MgSO₄

Sodium (Na⁺) + Sulphate (SO₄²⁻): Na₂SO₄

Zinc (Zn²⁺) + Sulphate (SO₄²⁻): ZnSO₄

Lithium (Li⁺) + Sulphate (SO₄²⁻) : Li₂SO₄

Lead(II) (Pb²⁺) + Sulphate (SO₄²⁻): PbSO₄

Calcium (Ca²⁺) + Sulphate (SO₄²⁻): CaSO₄

Iron(II) (Fe²⁺) + Sulphate (SO₄²⁻): FeSO₄

Iron(III) (Fe³⁺) + Sulphate (SO₄²⁻): Fe₂(SO₄)₃

Potassium (K⁺) + Sulphate (SO₄²⁻): K₂SO₄

Carbonate: CO₃²⁻ (2 negative charges)

Magnesium (Mg²⁺) + Carbonate (CO₃²⁻) : MgCO₃

Sodium (Na⁺) + Carbonate (CO₃²⁻): Na₂CO₃

Zinc (Zn²⁺) + Carbonate (CO₃²⁻): ZnCO₃

Lithium (Li⁺) + Carbonate (CO₃²⁻): Li₂CO₃

Lead(II) (Pb²⁺) + Carbonate (CO₃²⁻): PbCO₃

Calcium (Ca²⁺) + Carbonate (CO₃²⁻): CaCO₃

Iron(II) (Fe²⁺) + Carbonate (CO₃²⁻): FeCO₃

Iron(III) (Fe³⁺) + Carbonate (CO₃²⁻): Fe₂(CO₃)₃

Potassium (K⁺) + Carbonate (CO₃²⁻): K₂CO₃

Hydroxide: OH⁻ (1 negative charge)

Magnesium (Mg²⁺) + Hydroxide (OH⁻): Mg(OH)₂

Sodium (Na⁺) + Hydroxide (OH⁻): NaOH

Zinc (Zn²⁺) + Hydroxide (OH⁻): Zn(OH)₂

Lithium (Li⁺) + Hydroxide (OH⁻): LiOH

Lead(II) (Pb²⁺) + Hydroxide (OH⁻): Pb(OH)₂

Calcium (Ca²⁺) + Hydroxide (OH⁻): Ca(OH)₂

Iron(II) (Fe²⁺) + Hydroxide (OH⁻): Fe(OH)₂

Iron(III) (Fe³⁺) + Hydroxide (OH⁻): Fe(OH)₃

Potassium (K⁺) + Hydroxide (OH⁻): KOH

Phosphate: PO₄³⁻ (3 negative charges)

Magnesium (Mg²⁺) + Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): Mg₃(PO₄)₂

Sodium (Na⁺) + Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): Na₃PO₄

Zinc (Zn²⁺) + Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): Zn₃(PO₄)₂

Lithium (Li⁺) + Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): Li₃PO₄

Lead(II) (Pb²⁺) + Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): Pb₃(PO₄)₂

Calcium (Ca²⁺) + Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): Ca₃(PO₄)₂

Iron(II) (Fe²⁺) + Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): Fe₃(PO₄)₂

Iron(III) (Fe³⁺) + Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): FePO₄

Potassium (K⁺) + Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): K₃PO₄

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.

(newtons first law)

conservation of momentum law states :

momentum before collision = momentum after collision

momentum p (kg-m/s)= mass * velocity

say moving car=1 000 kg, velocity = 10 m/s then p = 1 000*10= 10 000 kg-m/s

say still car = 2 000 kg, velocity = 0 m/s then p = 2 000* 0 = 0 kg-m/s

total momentum prior to collision = 10 000 + 0 = 10 000 kg-m/s

momentum after collision = 10 000 kg-m/s

mass now = 1 000 kg+2 000 kg = 3 000 kg

10 000 = 3 000 kg* velocity m/s

10 000/3 000 = velocity

3.33 m/s = velocity after collision

an impulse is a force applied over time , momentum is exclusive of external forces and a perfect collision is implied