How is Hess's law applied in calculating enthalpy? A. The first and last reactions in a path are added together.
B. The final equation in a path from reactants to products is used.
C. All the reactions in a path are added together.
D. Similar equations are substituted for unknown reactions.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

in chemistry, adhesion and cohesion are attractive forces that exist between molecules. they hold the molecules together from each other. they are different in that adhesive force exists between molecules of different substance while cohesive force happens between molecules of same substance.

adhesion between water and glass causes water molecules at the edge of water and glass interface to climb up the wall in a narrow glass tube. this is called capillary action. cohesion is what gives glass its shape and causes water to form a droplet.

some sources quote the lethal dose, for an average 170lbs opiate-naive individual is between 75 and 375 mg

the cold front replaces the warmer air at the ground level changing the wind to be breezy and denser.there is also an immediate drop in the temperature.