In 250 mL beakers, obtain just enough of the 0.1 M weak acid and conjugate base solutions to make all of the following solutions. In clean labeled 100 mL beakers, prepare 30.0 mL of each buffer solution with the following volume ratios of acid to base: 1:1, 4:1, 9:1, 1:4, 1:9. Write out a detailed procedure for making each of these solutions and how much of the stock acid and conjugate base stock solutions you will need to use.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

the product of the pressure and volume is also constant

that tool would be a compass