Select the atoms are likely to lose electrons to form cations A. Chlorine (c)

B. Potassium (k)

C. Magnesium (mg)

D. Sulfur (s)

metals like lose their e , in this case b and c is ur answer ,between them k have lesser first ionization energy. a and d give e and even if u want give energy to them to lose their e its dont happend maybe in hard situation , i didnt see.

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.