Why does sodium give up an electron?

Sodium (Na) has only one electron in its outer electron shell, as shown in Figure 1. Once again, gaining one electron is more energy efficient than losing seven. As a result, it appears to obtain an electron, resulting in an ion with 17 protons, 17 neutrons, and 18 electrons, and a net negative charge (–1).

7is b8 is d9 is c10 is a11 is d

Putting salt in vinegar water