The North Pole is facing away from the sun what day of the year is this and what is it day called

Spontaneity tell us the direction of the reaction, but not how fast it goes. gibbs free energy brings together enthalpy, entropy and temperature in one easy formula. g = h - ts. and, finally the sign of delta g is always negative for a spontaneous reaction.

Matter- occupies space and possesses rest massno matter is the opposite

Both models are effective because they show the valence electrons, and these valence electrons indicate the reactivity of an element.