Explain why the column of a fractional distillation apparatus should be aligned as near to the vertical as possible

The column of a fractional distillation apparatus should be aligned vertical to get better separation because the column is essentially longer. It will prevent channeling in the column. Therefore column efficiency will be higher if it is as vertical as possible instead of tilted. Distillation is a process used to separate a mixture of two (or more) components. In a typical fractional distillation, a liquid mixture is heated in the distilling flask and the process begins.

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1. and 2. question: in which equation? or i don't understand you, 3. a), 4. c), 5. c), 6. b), 7. d), 8. d) if small number is underlined(behind symbol) , b) if big number is underlined(in front of symbol)9. what is underlined there? 10. c)