According to recent research, ice skaters are able to glide smoothly across the ice because
a. ice is constantly subliming to form a layer of water vapor
b. a thin, liquid-like layer of water covers the ice
c. pressure from the skates raises the melting point of ice
d. pressure from the skates lowers the melting point of ice

B. A thin, liquid-like layer of water covers the ice

Explanation:

Hello,

Ice skaters are able to glide smoothly across the ice because a thin, liquid-like layer of water covers the ice, this is achieved due to the environmental conditions which allow the liquid water layer to coexist with the ice. Due to this fact, the liquid-like layer diminishes the friction coefficient between the ice skateboard and the ice allowing the slip to be carried out smoothly.

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explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.