The half-life of a certain element is 100 days. how many half-lives will it be before only one-fourth of this element remains? 4
50
25
2

Answer;

2 half lives

Explanation;

-Half life is the time taken by a radioactive isotope to decay to half of the original amount.

-For example; if the original mass is 100% the time it takes to decay to 50% is the half life.

-Therefore, in our case; for the element to decay from 1 whole to a half of the element, is one half life, then decaying from a half to one-fourth of the element will be another half life, which means there are two half lives for an element to decay to one-fourth of the element.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.

(b) which contains higher levels of vitamin b, oranges or spinach?

explanation:

you can eliminate a, c, and d because they are questions based on opinions.