What serves as the energy source for the proton pumps in oxidative phosphorylation?

The citric acid cycle is considered to be the source of NADH what is required to power the ATP synthase. This synthesis is required to reduce oxygen in the water and generate ATP. This ATP, on the other hand, is formed when electrons are transferred from NADH using the electric transport chain.

Aphysical change is one that you can put in and remove like a ham sandwich. the stuff you put in there can be changem its not permanet. a chemical change is on that can't be change thats permanet. like when you make a cake and bake it. you can't get those ingredients back.