Nitrogen makes up 78.08% of the volume of earth's atmosphere, and oxygen makes up 20.95% of the volume. the total air pressure at sea level is 101.3 kpa. from this information, what can be calculated?

a. the parts per million, or number of molecules per 1 million molecules or other particles, of nitrogen and oxygen in earth's atmosphere

b. the sum of the partial pressures of other gases (not nitrogen or oxygen) in earth's atmosphere at sea level

c. the partial pressure of nitrogen and oxygen in earth's atmosphere at sea level

d. all of the other answer choices

most historians agree that gabriel mouton, the vicar of st. paul’s church in lyons, france, is the “founding father” of the metric system. he proposed a decimal system of measurement in 1670. mouton based it on the length of one minute of arc of a great circle of the earth (now called a nautical mile, 1852 meters). he also proposed the swing-length of a pendulum with a frequency of one beat per second as the unit of length (about 25 cm). a pendulum beating with this length would have been fairly easy to produce, thus facilitating the widespread distribution of uniform standards. over the years, his work was revised, improved, and extended by a number of french scientists.

the political sponsor of weights and measures reform in the french revolutionary national assembly was the bishop of autun, better known as talleyrand. under his auspices, the french academy appointed several committees to carry out the work of developing a usable system of weights and measures for france. one of the committees recommended a decimalized measurement system based upon a length equal to one ten-millionth of the length of a quadrant of the earth’s meridian (i.e., one ten-millionth of the distance between the equator and the north pole).