Chemistry, 18.09.2019 17:50 lexybellx3

The temperature of a gas is increased. which statement best explains the effect that this has on the motion of gas particles?
a. the average kinetic energy decreases, and the particles stop colliding.
b. the average kinetic energy increases, and the particles stop colliding.
c. the average kinetic energy decreases, and the particles collide less frequently.
d. the average kinetic energy increases, and the particles collide more frequently.

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Answer from: alexandria3498

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion is said to be a kinetic energy.

The relationship of average kinetic energy and temperature is given as:

$K.E = \frac{f}{2}RT$

where K.E. is average kinetic energy, {f} is degree of freedom, is universal gas constant, and is temperature.

From the above relationship it is clear that average kinetic energy and temperature are directly proportional to each other that is as temperature of a substance increases the average kinetic energy of the gas particles in the substance increases and this will result in more frequent collisions of particles.

Hence, as the temperature of a gas is increases, the average kinetic energy increases, and the particles collide more frequently.

Answer from: Quest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.

Answer from: Quest

Exothermic, physical change after it is already baked

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