What functional groups of the emulsifying agent provide the hydrophilic character? do these groups affect the ph?

The polar groups are the ones that provide the hydrophilic character.

Explanation:

In an emulsifying agent, there will be always a part that is hydrophyllic (the polar part) and another part that is lipophyllic (the non - polar part). Depending the proportion of each group the emulsifying agent is consider with a value that goes from 0 to 20, that means, if is more useful to dissolve water into oil or the other way around.

Since in this chemical groups, there is a lot of charges, depending in the reaction the pH could change a little bit by the release of positive or negative charges of the emulsifying agent.

explanation:

let the different atoms be x and y. each with four protons and same mass will be represented as follows.

mass number is number of protons + number of neutrons.

            and  

since, it is given that one has a negative charge while the other is neutral. therefore, there will be increase in number of protons and the atom will be represented as follows.

according to periodic table, mass number of beryllium is 9 and it has atomic number 4 so, the atoms will be and .  

the protons and neutrons will be located inside the nucleus whereas the electrons will be revolving around the nucleus.