When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomes
an anion that has a larger radius than the atom.
an anion that has a smaller radius than the atom.
a cation that has a larger radius than the atom.
a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.

D. A cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.

Explanation:

he uptake of drugs from the intestine is often strongly influenced by diffusion. for example, consider a water-insoluble steroid for treating inflammation that is solubilized in aggregates of detergent molecules, called micelles. these micelles, aggregates of 80 soap molecules, have a molecular weight of 24,000, a diameter of 2.6 nm, and a charge of -27. the positively charge ions (counterions) in this system are na".

the density of gold = 19.3 g/cm3

the relation between density and mass and volume is

density = mass / volume

given :

mass of gold = 13 g

density = 13g / volume = 19.3

volume = 13 /19.3 = 0.67 cm^3

thus volume of gold nugget = 0.67 cm^3