Liquids and solids are referred to as “condensed phases” because the attractive forces

cause molecules to become stationary.

leave little space between the molecules.

create large spaces between the molecules.

that hold the molecules together are negligible

What is avogadro’s number, and why is it useful

Predict whether the changes in enthalpy, entropy, and free energy will be positive or negative for the boiling of water, and explain your predictions. how does temperature affect the spontaneity of this process?

13. a covalent bond between two atoms is likely to be polar if: a. one of the atoms is much more electronegative than the other. b. the two atoms are equally electronegative. c. the two atoms are of the same element. d. the bond is part of a tetrahedrally shaped molecule. e. one atom is an anion.