You can determine the concentration of acids or bases in a solution by

a. the ph scale
b. a salt
c. the periodic table of elements

"the periodic table is arranged in order of atomic number."

when [oh-] is 10-5  m, and [h3o+] is 10-9  m, the poh is 5 and ph is 9. again in both cases the sum of ph and poh is 14. however, the hydrogen ion concentration is not always going to be equal to exactly 1 x 10 raised to a negative number. for example, we skipped over the value of 2.0 x 10-7.

the electrical  conductivity  of asolution  of an electrolyte is measured by determining the resistance of thesolution  between two flat or cylindrical electrodes separated by a fixed distance.

shield volcanos are angry and get mad over the smallest things so much that there heads erupt   pahoehoe and a'a lava. a composite volcano is the poller opposite of a shield volcano. its   peaceful thing and knows how to control its emotions.