1.The trend in successive ionization energies as electrons are removed one at a time from an aluminum atom. Why is there a big jump between IE3 and IE4 ?

2. Why does sulphur have a lower first ionization energy than phosphorus?

3.The second ionization energy of lithium is much greater than that of beryllium. Explain.

4.For strontium, which quantity will be greater, the difference between IE1 and IE2 or
the difference between IE2 and IE1?
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the reaction mixture contains some ammonia, plus a lot of unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen. the mixture is cooled and compressed, causing the ammonia gas to condense into a liquid. the liquefied ammonia is separated and removed. the unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen are then recycled back into the reactor .

why is arctic sea ice important? arctic sea ice keeps the polar regions cool and moderate global climate. sea ice has a bright surface; 80 percent of the sunlight that strikes it is reflected back into space. as sea ice melts in the summer, it exposes the dark ocean surface.

the dissociation of nickel hydroxide is follows:

the concentration of hydroxide ion is

the equilibrium constant value of nickel hydroxide is = 6.1 * 10^-^1^6 and thus equilibrium equation can be written as:

thus, concentration of ni is 0.23 * 10^-^4 mol /l