Why does ln(1/2) = -ln(2) explain mechanic to get to this solution

The solution to the problem is as follows:

Remember that 1/2 = 2^(-1).
ln(1/2) = ln(2^(-1))
Using the law of logarithm: ln(b^a) = a ln b.
ln(1/2) = (-1)ln 2 = -ln 2.

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The correct answer is c

Nonmetals usually react by gaining electrons