Please help me answer this

Which of the following statements is true? a. elements in the last period are radioactive. b. atomic weight is the same as atomic mass. c. elements in the same group have the same number of electron shells. d. atomic number equals the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

When balancing a chemical equation: