If a buffer system containing hydrofluoric acid and fluoride (pKa = 3.17) initially has a pH of 3.22 and base is added until a new pH of 4.69 is obtained, how has the ratio of fluoride to hydrofluoric acid changed? A.
from 1.12 : 1 to 33.1 : 1
B.
from 1 : 1.12 to 33.1 : 1
C.
from 1 : 1.12 to 1 : 33.1
D.
from 1.12 : 1 to 1 : 33.1

Problem #3 (ch. 1, problem 15)the ideal gas law provides one way to estimate the pressure exerted by a gas on a container. the law isí‘ťí‘ť=푛푛푛푛푛푛푉푉more accurate estimates can be made with the van der waals equationí‘ťí‘ť=푛푛푛푛푛푛푉푉â’푛푛푟푟â’푞푞푛푛2푉푉2where the term nb is a correction for the volume of the molecules and the term an2/v2is a correction for molecular attractions. the values of a and b depend on the type of gas. the gas constant is r, the absolutetemperature is t, the gas volume is v, and the number of moles of gas molecules is indicated by n. if n = 1 mol of an ideal gas were confined to a volume of v = 22.41 l at a temperature of 0â°c (273.2k), it would exert a pressure of 1 atm. in these units, r = 0.0826.for chlorine gas (cl2), a = 6.49 and b = 0.0562. compare the pressure estimates given by the ideal gas law and the van der waals equation for 1 mol of cl2 in 22.41 l at 273.2 k. what is the main cause of the difference in the two pressure estimates, the molecular volume or the molecular attractions?

*will mark you brainliest + 15 points ** why does the equilibrium of a system shift when the pressure is increased? a. to maximize the stress on the system b. to stop restoring equilibrium to the system c. to increase the total moles of gas in the system d. to decrease the total moles of gas in the system

The size (radius) of an oxygen molecule is about 2.0 ×10−10m. make a rough estimate of the pressure at which the finite volume of the molecules should cause noticeable deviations from ideal-gas behavior at ordinary temperatures (t= 300k ). assume that deviatons would be noticeable when volume of the gas per molecule equals the volume of the molecule itself.