The second law of thermodynamics can be worded in different ways, such as a.) heat can flow spontaneously from a hot object to a cold object, or b.) the total entropy of any system plus that of the environment increases as a result of natural processes. Why are these statements equivalent

Explanation:

The principal reason why these statements are equivalent and identical is that there can be a progressional flow of heat from a hot object item to a cold object because of this entropy is increasing and expanding Δg < 0 but stream flow from cold to hot is nonspontaneous as Δg > 0.

e.g

As found in heat engines and refrigerators.

the grams   of   barium that   are in   2.3 x 10^23   atoms of barium   is   52.4 g (answer c)

    calculation

mass = moles   of ba   x molar   mass of ba

  molar mass of ba from periodic table=   137.3 g/mol

  use the   avogadro's law   constant   to   calculate the moles of barium

  that   is     1 mole =   6.02   x 10^23 atoms

                    ? moles = 2.3 x 10^23   atoms

by cross   multiplication

=(1 mole   x 2.3x 10^23 atoms)   / 6.02   x10^23 atoms)=   0.382   moles

mass   is therefore = 137.3   g/mol x 0.382 mol = 52.4 ( answer c)

explanation:

the answer is b & c i believe : )