(a) is used to separate mixtures of substances into their components. It has a (b) (a solid, or a liquid supported on a solid) and (c), usually the solvent or a liquid. The (d) flows through the (e) and carries the components of the mixture with it. Different components travel at different rates based on their (f). These components are measured by taking how far the (g) travelled and the distance travelled by (h). When the solvent front (i) the top of the plate, the plate is removed from the beaker and the position of the solvent is marked with another line before it has a chance to evaporate. These measurements are then used to calculate the (j) , represented in the following equation:

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Explanation:

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is used to separate mixtures of substances into their components. It has a stationary phase (a solid, or a liquid supported on a solid) and mobile phase, usually the solvent or a liquid. The mobile phase flows through the stationary phase and carries the components of the mixture with it. Different components travel at different rates based on their polarity (affinities toward stationary phase and mobile phase). These components are measured by taking how far the compound travelled and the distance travelled by solvent. When the solvent front reaches the top of the plate, the plate is removed from the beaker and the position of the solvent is marked with another line before it has a chance to evaporate. These measurements are then used to calculate the Rf value, represented in the following equation: