Acetic acid, CH3COOH, can be produced by bubbling oxygen gas into acetaldehyde, CH3CHO, in the presence of manganese(II) acetate (catalyst) under pressure at 60oC. If 20.0 g CH3CHO and 10.0 g O2 were put into a reaction vessel, (a)
how many grams of acetic acid will be produced? (b) how many grams of the excess reactant remain after the reaction is
complete

Explanation:

The balanced equation for the reaction is given as;

2CH3CHO + O2 → 2CH3COOH  

If 20.0 g CH3CHO and 10.0 g O2 were put into a reaction vessel, (a)

how many grams of acetic acid will be produced?

First thing's first, we have to find he limiting reactant. This is done by comparing the number of moles of the reactants.

From the equation of the reaction;

2 mol of CH3CHO reacts with 1 mol of O2

From the masses given;

Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass

CH3CHO;

Number of moles = 20 / 44.0526 = 0.454 mol

O2;

Number of moles = 10 / 32 = 0.3125 mol

The limiting reactant is CH3CHO because O2 would be in excess.

Back to the question;

2 mol of CH3CHO produces 2 mol of CH3COOH  

0.454 mol would produce x

Solving for x;

x = 0.454 * 2 / 2 = 0.454 mol

Converting to mass;

Mass = number of moles* Molar mass

Mass = 0.454 mol *  60.052 g/mol = 27.26 grams

(b) how many grams of the excess reactant remain after the reaction is

complete

The excess reactant is O2

Number of moles left = Initial Number of moles - Number of moles that reacted

Number of moles left =  0.3125 mol - (0.454 mol / 2)

Number of moles left = 0.0855 mol

Converting to mass;

Mass = 0.0855 mol * 32 g/mol = 2.736 grams

when the volume of gas is   changed from   717.73 ml   to 852 ml   the temperature will   change   from 315   c to 452   c

    calculation

this is calculated using the charles law formula

that is,   v1/t1 = v2/t2

          v1=?

        t1 = 315 c   into   kelvin = 315 +273 = 588 k

        v2 = 852   ml

        t2 = 425c + 273 =698 k

make v1   the subject of the formula ( by   multiplying both side by t1)

  v1=( v2 xt1) / t2

v1= (852 ml   x 588 k)/ 698 k= 717.73 ml

fe 55.85 g/mol and h2o 18.02 g/mol.