The age of water or wine may be determined by measuring its radioactive tritium () content. Tritium, present in a steady state in nature, is formed primarily by cosmic irradiation of water vapor in the upper atmosphere, and it decays spontaneously by a first order process witha half-life of 12.5 years. The formation reaction does not occur H31 significantly inside a glass bottle at the surface of the earth. Calculate the age of a suspected vintage wine that is 20 % as radioactive as a freshly bottled specimen

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chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. these processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions. some reactions produce heat and are called exothermic reactions and others may require heat to enable the reaction to occur, which are called endothermic reactions. understanding chemical changes is a major part of the science of chemistry.