Which statement describes spontaneous processes?
proceed without continuous external influence and have an overall negative free energy change
proceed without continuous external influence and have an overall positive free energy change
proceed with continuous external influence and have an overall negative free energy change
proceed with continuous external influence and have an overall positive free energy change

Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

As spontaneous process is a process that occurs on its own. So, it can be endothermic or exothermic in nature.

For example, churning of milk is a spontaneous process and the milk does not require any external force to convert itself into curd.

Free energy change for a spontaneous process is negative in nature. This also means that value of is negative.

Thus, we can conclude that the statement proceed without continuous external influence and have an overall negative free energy change proceed without continuous external influence and have an overall negative free energy change.

when the volume of gas is   changed from   717.73 ml   to 852 ml   the temperature will   change   from 315   c to 452   c

    calculation

this is calculated using the charles law formula

that is,   v1/t1 = v2/t2

          v1=?

        t1 = 315 c   into   kelvin = 315 +273 = 588 k

        v2 = 852   ml

        t2 = 425c + 273 =698 k

make v1   the subject of the formula ( by   multiplying both side by t1)

  v1=( v2 xt1) / t2

v1= (852 ml   x 588 k)/ 698 k= 717.73 ml