Sapphires and rubies are forms of the mineral corundum, A1,0g. Corundum is one of the hardest known natural materials.
The hardness of fonic compounds depends on the structure of the crystal
and the strength of the ionic bonds. The distance between the aluminum
lons (AP) and oxide ions (027 is 191 pm. Use Coulomb's law to explain how
the bonding in Al2O, influences its properties.

Talc (french chalk) is the ingredient

Bis the

Answerit curves up and levels out.explanationwe assume that the container contains absolutely no ammonia to begin with as it states that "nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas" react to "produce ammonia."at dynamic equilibrium, the product and reactant concentrations are equal.this means that, starting from a concentration of zero, [nh₃] must curve "up" from zero and then level out to a constant concentration.