A weather balloon has at 27.0 C , 1.00 atm, with an initial volume of 2.00 liters is released into the atmosphere where the temperature is -23.0 C and the pressure is 0.500 atm.

3.41

Explanation:

(1.00atm) (2.00 L) /(27.0C) = (.500atm) (x)/ (-23.0C)

This is how you set it up because P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2.

Then you can cross multiple, all units except Liters will cancel and you can solve for x and have your answer.  

the answer is definitely c.

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.