Joe follows the procedure below to make a compass.
1. move a magnet from the top of a needle to its point fifty times.
2. lay the needle on a cork that is floating in a bowl of water.
3. observe the direction that the needle points.
what is the purpose of step 1?

a. to give the needle an electric charge
b. to make the needle sharper
c. to magnetize the needle
d. to flatten the side of the needle

The answer is C. By moving the magnet severally over the top of a needle, the atoms in the needle align themselves with the magnetic field of the magnet. This, therefore, turns the needle into a small and weak magnet. This way, the needle can align itself with the earth’s magnetic field and hence point in the direction of the poles.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

c, liquids evaporate, creating a gas