Choose the true statement(s) about ions. a. Anions result when atoms gain an electron.
b. Cations have more protons than electrons.
c. Ions are atoms that have gained or lost neutrons.
d. Na+ has gained 1 proton and therefore has an overall charge of 1.

The TRUE statements about an ion includes:

a. Anions result when atoms gain an electron.

b. Cations have more protons than electrons.

Explanation:

The fundamental unit of matter is ATOM, which is the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction. The constituents of the atom are PROTON, NEUTRON and ELECTRONS.

The theory of the possible model of an atom and the position of each constituent within the atom was given by Lord Rutherford. The nucleus of an atom is made up of the protons and neutron while the electron revolves round it. IONS are formed when these atoms either gains or losses these electrons.

When an atom gains electrons to complete it's outermost shell, it acquires a negative charge. This is because the electrons are more than the protons. This type of atom is called an ANION

When an atom losses an electron, it in turn acquires a positive charge. This is because the proton are more than the electrons. This is called the CATION.

Therefore the true statement about ions is option a and b.

Option C is false because it is an electron that is either loss or gained to form an ion not Neurons. Option D is wrong because Na+ lost one electron to become positively charged.

answer: the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is +87.88 kj or +88 kj.

according to hess's law, the overall enthalpy of a reaction is the difference between the sum of enthalpy values of all the products and the sum of enthalpy values of all the reactants.

δh(reaction) = ∑nδh(products) - ∑nδh(reactants)

δh(reaction) = [δh +δh] - [δh]

δh(reaction) = [1(-287.02) + 1(0) ] - [1(-374.9)] kj = +87.88 kj

here, δh (pcl3) = -287.02 kj, δh(cl2) = 0, δh(pcl5) = -374.9 kj

therefore, enthalpy of the overall reaction is +87.88 kj or +88 kj.