What is the name given to substances that are initially involved in a chemical reaction?

Hot air balloons float in the air because of the difference in density between cold and hot air. in this problem, you will estimate the minimum temperature the gas inside the balloon needs to be, for it to take off. to do this, use the following variables and make these assumptions: the combined weight of the pilot basket together with that of the balloon fabric and other equipment is w. the volume of the hot air inside the balloon when it is inflated is v. the absolute temperature of the hot air at the bottom of the balloon is th (where th> tc). the absolute temperature of the cold air outside the balloon is tc and its density is ďc. the balloon is open at the bottom, so that the pressure inside and outside the balloon is the same. as always, treat air as an ideal gas. use g for the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity.

Achemist has dissolved a certain substance in water. the chemist knows that more of the substance could be dissolved into the water before it stops dissolving. therefore

Asuspension of yeast cells is being grown under anaerobic conditions such that glucose is degraded to ethanol and carbon dioxide. if one wishes to follow this process by monitoring the release of 14co2, at which positions in the glucose molecule would the 14c label need to be incorporated?