When 29 grams of sodium metal (Na) react with 49 grams of chlorine gas (C1), solid sodium chloride (NaCl) is created in synthesis reaction. How much excess sodium OR
chlorine is left over?

Explanation:

Na     +     Cl    =      NaCl

23 g        35.5 g  

23 g sodium reacts with 35.5 g of chlorine

29 g of sodium reacts with 35.5 x 29 / 23 g of chlorine

= 44.76 g

So 44.76 g of chlorine reacts and 49 - 44.76 = 4.24 g of chlorine is left over .

All the sodium is used up in the reaction .

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explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.