1.100gm of a 55% (M/M) nitric acid solution is to be diluted to 20% (M/M) nitric acid. How many liters of water should be added to the starting solution?

The volume of water to be added is 0.175 liters of water

Explanation:

The given concentration of the nitric acid = 55% (M/M)

The mass of the nitric acid solution = 100 gm

The concentration solution is to diluted to = 20% (M/M)

The 100 g 55%(M/M) nitric acid solution gives 55g nitric acid in 100 g of solution

Therefore, to have 20% (M/M) nitric acid solution with the 55 g nitric acid, we get

Let "x" represent the volume of the resulting solution, we have;

20% of x = 55 g of nitric acid

∴ 20/100 × x = 55 g

x = 55 g × 100/20 =  275 g

The mass of extra water to be added = The mass of the 20%(M/M) solution solution of nitric acid - The current mass of the 55%(M/M) solution of nitric acid

The mass of extra water to be added = 275 g - 100 g = 175 g

Volume = Mass/Density

The density of water ≈ 1 g/ml

∴ The volume of water to be added that gives 175 g of water =  175 g/(1 g/ml) = 175 ml. = 0.175 l

The volume of water to be added = 0.175 liters of water.

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