Which element in period 4 has no unpaired electrons?

The big bang nucleosynthesis theory states that elements were produced in the first few minutes of the big bang while elements have their origins in the interiors of stars, forming much later in the history of the universe.

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

What happens to the average kinetic energy of a gas when the particles of the gas collide against each other at a constant temperature and volume? explain your answer.