Guys please help me. Explain how an Ion of oxygen is different from an atom of oxygen and how are they similar

Explanation:

An atom is the smallest indivisible particle of any substance that takes part in a chemical reaction.

All atoms are identified by the number of protons in them. Protons are the positively charged particles in an atom.

Therefore, atoms and ions are similar because the atom and ion of an element have the same number of protons but differs in the number of electrons they carry.

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

it is to be noted that an alpha particle is an helium nucleus. so it contains 2 protons 2 neutrons and has a mass number of 4. when alpha decay particles are ejected from the nucleus it gets transformed into an atom which has atomic number less than 2 and a mass number less than 4.

an equation that could represent alpha decay is radium 226 decay of alpha particle forms radon 222.

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