Which statement explains how mantle plumes produce hotspot volcanoes? a
Mantle plumes push through weak zones of the crust, emerging at Earth’s surface in a plume-shape in areas that are not necessarily the boundaries of tectonic plates.
b
Mantle plumes consist of a molten mix of rock that is much hotter and less dense than surrounding rock and so rises through the mantle.
c
Mantle plumes are formed when tectonic plates move over hotspots in the mantle.
d
Mantle plumes originate near the mantle core boundary, where there is a sharp thermal gradient.

the major pests we deal with are insects, weeds and fungal diseases. a pesticide is a product, whether organic or chemical, used to kill the target pest. there are other techniques gardeners should use that can prevent the severe infestations that make the use of pesticides necessary

is there any options? maybe im just not seeing them but i need the options to

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substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon:

- the single bond remains single. a is wrong.

- the bond with hydrogen is as strong as with a halogen. c is wrong

- a hydrocarbon is saturated if there is no double bond. we do not know that so d is wrong.

- carbon will always have four valence electrons. e is wrong.

by elimination, the correct answer is b. the boiling point of the new compound increases.