Determine the missing species: a) 41Ca+ ? → 41K

b) 15O → 15N+ ?

1. 0

−1

e and 1

0H

+

2. 0

+1e and 1

0H

+

3. 1

0H

+ and 0

+1e

4. 0

−1

e and 0

+1e

5. 1

0H

+ and 0

−1

e

6. 0

+1e and 0

−1

e

7. None of these

4. and

Explanation:

a) The given reaction is

As the mass on both reactant and product side must be equal:

As the atomic number on both reactant and product side must be equal:

b)

Total mass on reactant side = total mass on product side

15 =15 + x

x = 0

Total atomic number on reactant side = total atomic number on product side

8 = 7 + y

y = 1

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

metals are good conductor of electricity. it has free electrons on their surface. according to electron pool theory, each atom present in a metal crystal losses all of its valence electron and as a result a pool of free is form. these pool of electrons are free to move and   conduct electricity easily   while making metal as good conductor.

the correct answer is a. the ability of electrons to flow throughout the metal.

if it's not useful, feel free to report for mistake in answer.