Removal of only one organism from a habitat can have a negative effect on other organisms. What details from the article support this claim? Think about what you know about organisms in their environment, and then explain how the details support the claim.

When we refer to microorganisms, if one is not there, the environment changes and another microbiota begins to predominate in the organism, which can be more or less pathogenic.

Explanation:

When the microorganisms that coexist and form the commensal biota, they live in an ideal equilibrium environment without generating pathology in humans, on the other hand, when this equilibrium is broken because some bacteria are absent, the pathology or infectious disease appears as it gives rise to to a rare biota such as pathogenic or transient.

here we have to get the change of moles on decrease the volume of the reaction in gas phase.

the   per the given options it will decrease by (d) 11-50%

we know, on decreasing the volume of the gas phase reaction the reaction moves to the product side.

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:                   1 - α               α               α           = 1 + α

(concentration = moles/volume, as volume is 1 l)

(where α is the degree of dissociation)

now the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

=  

or,

or,   = (at v = 1l)

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:               (1 - α)/0.5           α/0.5         α/0.5       = (1 + α)/0.5

thus, the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

or,  

=  

so, the change of 1 : 1/0.5

or, 1: 2

thus it will decrease by 50%.

or, as per the given options it will decrease by 11-50%