Do you notice a pattern in the charge for elements in each group? Explain. (Hint: relate to number of valence electrons and the octet rule)

Below are some patterns in the charge for elements in each group.

Group 1 elements : 1 valence electron and form ions with charge +1

Group 2 elements : 2 valence electrons and form ions with charge + 2

Group 3 elements : 3 valence electrons and form ions with charge + 3(there are some exceptions as well)

Elements in groups 4 and 5 are unpredictable also the D block elements consist of multiple oxidation states..

Group 6 elements : 6 valence electrons, form ions with charge -2

Group 7 elements: 7 valence electrons, form ions with charge -1  

The octet rule is being followed, the elements form either ionic bond or covalent bond to fulfill it.

eg: when a K atom forms a K+ ion, the ion has the same electron configuration as the noble gas Ar (argon).

When an O atom gains 2 electrons to form the O²⁻ ion, the ion has the same electron configuration as the noble gas Ne (neon).  

Note: Boron (B) is in Group 3 but doesn't form ions.

answer: option (b) is the correct answer.

explanation:

a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons. whereas polarity arises due to difference in electronegativity of two atoms.

therefore, more is the electronegativity of an atom which combines with the titanium, more readily it will induce a partial positive and negative charge.

thus, out of the given options fluorine is most electronegative and has an incomplete octet. therefore, it will readily combine with titanium to share the electrons and complete its octet.  

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explanation: