Which action would shift this reaction away from solid calcium fluoride and toward the dissolved ions?a) adding calcium ionsb) adding fluoride ionsc) removing fluoride ionsd) removing calcium fluoride

c) removing fluoride ions.

Explanation:

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In this case, for this solubility product problem, it is very convenient to write the undergoing ionization reaction:

In such a way, via the Le Chatelier's principle, we remember that the addition of reactants shifts the reaction towards products, adding products shifts the reaction towards reactants, removing reactants shifts the reaction towards reactants and removing products shifts the reaction towards products. In means, that the best way to shift this reaction away from solid calcium fluoride and toward the dissolved ions is c) removing fluoride ions, because it is a product and its removal favors the formation of more products.

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if two electrons have the same n, the same ℓ, and the same ml, then they are in the same orbital. the pauli exclusion principle states that no two identical fermions (a fancy word for electrons and other subatomic particles like electrons) may occupy the same quantum state in an atom simultaneously.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.