How do mammals protect their young?

What is the mass defect of a mole of nuclei with 1.8 x 10^15 j/mol binding energy?

Select all of the statements which are true. electrons are located in shells or orbits around the atom. electrons orbit slowly around the atom. electrons travel in one flat path around the nucleus of an atom. the valence of an atom is determined by the number of electrons in the atom's outermost shell.

If a particle has z = 25 and 23 electrons, what is its charge?