Please need asap A neutral atom with 4 electrons shells and 7 valence electrons must be

Bromine

Iodine

Manganese

Chlorine

Bromine

Explanation:

We know that all halogens have seven valence electrons. So form given options bromine , iodine and chlorine could be the given atom but it should be the one which have 4 electronic shells. It will confirm from electronic configuration.

Electronic configuration of Br:

Br₃₅ = [Ar] 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁵

Bromine have 4 electronic shell.

Electronic configuration of Iodine:

I₅₃ = [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵

Iodine have 5 electronic shells.

Electronic configuration of Chlorine:

Cl₁₇ = [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵

Thus correct option is bromine.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.