4.29 moles of NH3 -->? grams

How many grams of NH3 can be produced from 4.29 mol of N2 and excess H2. Please explain how you got the answer.

This is a stoichiometry problem, and the first thing you need is a balanced equation. I generally write the equation, balance it, then write the quantities (those given and asked for ( ?) ) below the substances, and write the the molar masses (from the periodic table) for any substances that must be converted between mass and mol.

   17.02 g/mol        (molar masses)

      N2         +      3 H2  →2 NH3             (balanced equation)

   4.29 mol             xs               ? g               (quantities given, asked)

To do stoichiometry, you will use the mol ratio of two substances in the balanced equation. We can only relate the mol of reactants to the mol of any other substance in the equation. We measure amounts of substances by mass (g) in the lab, however, so amounts are often given or asked for by mass, rather than mol. In this problem, you will have to convert mol NH3 to g NH3.

2 steps: 1)  Use the mol ratio from the balanced eq'n to calculate mol NH3 produced (stoichiometry)

           2)  Convert the mol NH3 to mass NH3 (in g) using dimensional analysis

1) The mol ratio from the balanced eq'n that you need is mol substance you are asked about

over the mol substance you are given

From the balanced eq'n: 2 mol NH3/1 mol N2

4.29 mol N2   x  2 mol NH3/1 mol N2  =  8.58 mol NH3    (stoichiometry)

2) 8.58 mol NH3 x   17.02 g NH3/1 mol NH3    =  146 g NH3      (conversion, mol to mass)

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Explanation:

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.