You make up a solution of a diprotic acid, H2A, having pKa values of 5.0 and 9.0. Identify the primary, secondary, and tertiary species when you set the pH equal to 8.0 by addition of KOH.

Explanation:

A solution with a pH value of 7 is neutral i.e neither acidic nor alkaline. A solution with a pH less than 7 is said to be acidic, while one with a pH value more than 7 is alkaline. Acidity increases as the value decrease below 7, while alkalinity increases as the value increase about 7.

Given that H2A is a diprotic weak acid have pKa values of 5.0 ad 9.0, it will undergo dissociation in the solution as:

NOTE: These reactions are reversible reactions.

Thus;

The primary species is HA⁻

The secondary species is A²⁻

water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water.

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